View source for Tutorial M10

= Introduction =
In this module, five ways of modelling dam break are introduced:<br>

:*Part 1: 2D Variable Geometry Time Trigger - the dam break begins at 1 hour and develops over 15 minutes. 
:*Part 2: 2D Variable Geometry Water Level Trigger - the dam break begins when the water level at a point is triggered.
:*Part 3: 1D Piping Failure and 1D Dam Failure - introduces the TUFLOW Operations Control file (TOC).
:*Part 4: Boundary Condition Breach Hydrograph - the dam break is modelled using an input dam break hydrograph.
:*Part 5: Non-Newtonian - Part 4 using Non-Newtonian fluid properties. 

The GIS layers are:
:*TGC layers:
<ol><ol><li>2d_zsh: A layer used to modify Zpt elevations using points and lines.
<li>2d_vzsh: A layer used to modify Zpt elevations over time to simulate breaking of embankments.</ol></ol>
:*TCF layers:
<ol><ol><li>2d_iwl: A layer used to set 2D initial water levels spatially. 
</ol></ol>
:*TBC layers:
<ol><ol><li>2d_sa: A layer used to apply a flow versus time hydrograph to simulate a breach condition. 
<li>2d_bc: A layer used to apply a head vs flow (stage-discharge) boundary - used as the downstream boundary. 
</ol></ol>
:*ECF layers:
<ol><ol><li>1d_nwk: A layer used to define the 1D piping failure and 1D dam failure.
</ol></ol>

'''Module 10 builds from the model created in <u>[[Tutorial_M02 | Module 2]]</u>. The completed Module 2 model is provided in the Module_10\TUFLOW folder.''' <br>
<br>

=Part 1 - 2D Variable Geometry Time Trigger=
Simulate a simple form of dam break using a time trigger. <br>
== GIS Inputs ==
Create, import and view input data:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_001_GIS_Inputs_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Simulation Control Files == 
===TUFLOW Geometry Control File (TGC) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M02_001.tgc''' as '''M10_001.tgc''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder. <br>
<li>Open the '''M10_001.tgc''' in a text editor.
<li>Include the following commands after the <font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS Z Shape </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\2d_zsh_M02_rd_crest_001_L.shp | gis\2d_zsh_M02_rd_crest_001_P.shp  </tt></font> command:<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS Z Shape </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\2d_zsh_M10_damwall_001_L.shp  </tt></font><font color="green"><tt>          ! Creates dam embankment</tt></font><br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS Variable Z Shape </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\2d_vzsh_M10_dambreak_001_R.shp	 </tt></font><font color="green"><tt>          ! Creates dam break</tt></font> 
<li>Save the TGC.
</ol>

===TUFLOW Boundary Control File (TBC) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M01_001.tbc''' as '''M10_001.tbc''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder. <br>
<li>Open the '''M10_001.tbc''' in a text editor.
<li>Update the reference to the 2D boundaries:<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS BC </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\2d_bc_M10_001_L.shp	</tt></font><br>
<li>Include a reference to the new 2D source area boundary:<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS SA </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\2d_sa_M10_inflow_001_R.shp	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reads in 2D source area boundaries</tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the TBC.
</ol>

=== TUFLOW Control File (TCF) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M02_5m_001.tcf''' as '''M10_5m_001.tcf''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder. 
<li>Open the '''M10_5m_001.tcf''' in a text editor and update the reference of the TGC: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Geometry Control File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\M10_001.tgc	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the TUFLOW Geometry Control File</tt></font> <br>
<li>Update the reference of the TBC: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>BC Control File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\M10_001.tbc	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the TUFLOW Boundary Conditions Control File</tt></font> <br>
<li>An Initial Water Level command is required. Include the following command after the 'Model Inputs' section: <br> 
<font color="green"><tt>! INITIAL WATER LEVEL</tt></font><br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS IWL  </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\gis\2d_iwl_M10_001_R.shp	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reads in initial water level</tt></font> <br>
<li>Add bathymetry (ZH) as additional Map Output Data Type:<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Map Output Data Types </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> h V d dt ZH	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt>  ! Outputs water levels, velocities, depths, minimum timestep, bathymetry</tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the TCF.
</ol>

== Running the Simulation ==
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''_run_M02_HPC.bat''' as '''_run_M10_HPC.bat''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder.
<li>Update the batch file to reference the '''M10_5m_001.tcf''' :<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>exe</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>"..\..\..\exe\2023-03-AA\TUFLOW_iSP_w64.exe"</tt></font> <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>run</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>start "TUFLOW" /wait</tt></font> <font color="orange"><tt> %exe%</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> -b</tt></font> <br>
<font color="orange"><tt>%run% </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>M10_5m_001.tcf </tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the batch file and double click it in file explorer to run the simulation.
</ol>

== Troubleshooting == 
See tips on common mistakes and troubleshooting steps if the model doesn't run:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_Troubleshooting_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Check Files == 
While the model is running, review the added features are specified correctly:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_001_Check_Files_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Results==
When the model is finished, review the results:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_001_Results_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>
<br>

=Part 2 - 2D Variable Geometry Water Level Trigger=
Simulate a simple form of dam break using a water level trigger.<br>
'''Part 2 builds from the model created in <u>[[Tutorial_M10#Part_1_-_2D_Variable_Geometry_Time_Trigger | Part 1]].</u>'''

== GIS Inputs ==
Create, import and view input data:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_002_GIS_Inputs_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Simulation Control Files == 
===TUFLOW Geometry Control File (TGC) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M10_001.tgc''' as '''M10_002.tgc''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder. <br>
<li>Open the '''M10_002.tgc''' in a text editor.
<li>Update the reference to the Variable Z Shape:<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS Variable Z Shape </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\2d_vzsh_M10_dambreak_002_R.shp	| gis\2d_vzsh_M10_dambreak_002_P.shp </tt></font><font color="green"><tt>          ! Creates dam break</tt></font> 
<li>Save the TGC.
</ol>

=== TUFLOW Control File (TCF) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M10_5m_001.tcf''' as '''M10_5m_002.tcf''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder. 
<li>Open the '''M10_5m_002.tcf''' in a text editor and update the reference of the TGC: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Geometry Control File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\M10_002.tgc	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the TUFLOW Geometry Control File</tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the TCF.
</ol>

== Running the Simulation ==
<ol>
<li>Open '''_run_M10_HPC.bat''' in a text editor from the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder.
<li>Update the batch file to reference the '''M10_5m_002.tcf''' :<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>exe</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>"..\..\..\exe\2023-03-AA\TUFLOW_iSP_w64.exe"</tt></font> <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>run</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>start "TUFLOW" /wait</tt></font> <font color="orange"><tt> %exe%</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> -b</tt></font> <br>
<font color="orange"><tt>%run% </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>M10_5m_002.tcf </tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the batch file and double click it in file explorer to run the simulation.
</ol>

== Troubleshooting == 
See tips on common mistakes and troubleshooting steps if the model doesn't run:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_Troubleshooting_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Check Files ==
While the model is running, review the added features are specified correctly:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_002_Check_Files_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Results==
When the model is finished, review the results:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_002_Results_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>
<br>

=Part 3 - 1D Piping Failure and 1D Dam Failure=
Dam breaks can be triggered by flow overtopping, as well as internal erosion (often called piping) when water seepages through the embankment forming a small flowpath. Simulate a 1D piping failure that transitions to a 1D dam failure - trapezoidal cross section failure using a 1D operational channel. <br>
'''Part 3 builds from the model created in <u>[[Tutorial_M10#Part_1_-_2D_Variable_Geometry_Time_Trigger | Part 1]].</u>'''<br>
<br>
1D Piping Failure:<br>
<ol>
[[File:M10 PipingFailure.png]]<br>
</ol>
<br>
1D Dam Failure:<br>
<ol>
[[File:M10 DamFailure.png]]<br>
</ol>
<br>

== GIS Inputs ==
Create, import and view input data:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_003_GIS_Inputs_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Simulation Control Files == 
===TUFLOW Operations Control (TOC)===
<ol>
<li>Navigate to the '''Module_10\Tutorial_Data''' folder. Copy the '''M10_003.toc''' into the ''' Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder. This file contains the commands specific to the operational controls. 
<li>Open the '''M10_003.toc'''. A summary of the defining logic blocks:<br>
*Pipe Failure control commands contained within the '<font color="blue"><tt>Define Pipe Failure Control</tt></font> <font color="red"><tt> ==</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> PF01</tt></font>' logic block:
:*The piping failure is triggered when the water level at the upstream node of the 1d_nwk PF01 line is greater than 59.5m.
:*The piping failure takes 0.5 hours to reach it's full extent (defined by the width and height attributes in the 1d_nwk layer).
:*Once the piping failure reaches it's full extent, it takes 60 seconds to collapse. 
:*The default shape of the piping failure is rectangular.
:*The discharge coefficient (Cd) is set to 0.6.
*Dam Failure control commands contained within the '<font color="blue"><tt>Define Dam Failure Control</tt></font> <font color="red"><tt> ==</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> DF01</tt></font>' logic block:
:*The dam failure is triggered when the pipe failure at PF01 reaches 99.9% complete. 
:*An initial collapse to a depth of 3m occurs within 60 seconds.
:*Following the initial collapse the dam fails in a trapezoidal shape, with a side slope of 60 degrees, to a depth of 20 metres and a top width fully breached of 25 metres over a period of 0.5 hours. The top width fully breached can be set smaller than the 'Width_or_Dia' attribute if the maximum breach width does not reach the total width of the dam crest. <br>
For more information on the commands contained within the TOC refer to Section 5.9.1 of the <u>[https://downloads.tuflow.com/_archive/TUFLOW/Releases/2018-03/TUFLOW%20Manual.2018-03.pdf 2018 TUFLOW Manual]</u>.</ol>

===TUFLOW Estry Control File (ECF) ===
A new control file, the ESTRY Control File (ECF), is introduced. ESTRY is TUFLOW’s 1D hydraulic solver and includes all of the 1D files and commands.  <br>
<ol>
<li>Create a new text file '''M10_003.ecf''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder.
<li>Add the following command lines: <br>
<font color="green"><tt>! 1D TIME CONTROL</tt></font><br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Timestep</tt></font> <font color="red"><tt> ==  </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>0.5	</tt></font>										<font color="green"><tt>! Specifies a 1D computational timestep as 0.5 seconds</tt></font><br>

<font color="green"><tt>! MODEL INPUTS</tt></font><br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read Operating Controls File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> ..\model\M10_003.toc</tt></font>	<font color="green"><tt>! Reference the TUFLOW Operations Control File</tt></font><br>

<font color="green"><tt>! 1D PIPING FAILURE</tt></font><br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS Network </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>==  </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\1d_nwk_M10_piping_003_L.shp</tt></font>		<font color="green"><tt>! Defines 1D piping failure</tt></font><br>

<font color="green"><tt>! 1D DAMBREAK</tt></font><br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS Network </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> gis\1d_nwk_M10_dambreak_003_L.shp</tt></font>	<font color="green"><tt>! Defines 1D dambreak</tt></font><br>

<li>Save the ECF. <br>
</ol>

===TUFLOW Geometry Control File (TGC) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M10_001.tgc''' as '''M10_003.tgc''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder. <br>
<li>Open the '''M10_003.tgc''' in a text editor.
<li>Comment out or delete the reference to the Variable Z Shape, the dam failure is controlled within the ECF and TOC files:<br>
<font color="green"><tt>! Read GIS Variable Z Shape == gis\2d_vzsh_M10_dambreak_001_R.shp </tt></font> 
<li>Save the TGC.
</ol>

===TUFLOW Boundary Control File (TBC) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M01_001.tbc''' as '''M10_003.tbc''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder. <br>
<li>Open the '''M10_003.tbc''' in a text editor.
<li>Include a reference to the new 1D/2D boundary:<br>
<font color="green"><tt> ! INTERNAL 1D/2D BOUNDARIES </tt></font><br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS BC </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\2d_bc_M10_piping_dambreak_003_L.shp	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Links the 1D piping and dambreak to the 2D domain</tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the TBC.
</ol>

=== TUFLOW Control File (TCF) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M10_5m_001.tcf''' as '''M10_5m_003.tcf''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder. 
<li>Open the '''M10_5m_003.tcf''' in a text editor.
<li>Include a reference of the ECF in the 'Model Inputs' section: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>ESTRY Control File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\M10_003.ecf	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the ESTRY (1D) Control File File</tt></font> <br>
<li>Update the reference of the TGC: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Geometry Control File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\M10_003.tgc	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the TUFLOW Geometry Control File</tt></font> <br>
<li>Update the reference of the TBC: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>BC Control File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\M10_003.tbc	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the TUFLOW Boundary Conditions Control File</tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the TCF.
</ol>

== Running the Simulation ==
<ol>
<li>Open '''_run_M10_HPC.bat''' in a text editor from the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder.
<li>Update the batch file to reference the '''M10_5m_003.tcf''' :<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>exe</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>"..\..\..\exe\2023-03-AA\TUFLOW_iSP_w64.exe"</tt></font> <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>run</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>start "TUFLOW" /wait</tt></font> <font color="orange"><tt> %exe%</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> -b</tt></font> <br>
<font color="orange"><tt>%run% </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>M10_5m_003.tcf </tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the batch file and double click it in file explorer to run the simulation.
</ol>

== Troubleshooting == 
See tips on common mistakes and troubleshooting steps if the model doesn't run:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_Troubleshooting_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Check Files ==
While the model is running, review the added features are specified correctly:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_003_Check_Files_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>
Review the 1D output file:
<ol>
<li>Open the '''M10_5m_003.eof''' from the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\results''' folder in a text editor. 
<li>Review the 1D Dam Failure Coefficients and Culvert and Pipe Data:<br>
<br>
[[File:M10 003 Check EOF 01a.png]]<br>
</ol>

== Results==
When the model is finished, review the results:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_003_Results_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>
Review the Operational structure time-series data:
<ol>
<li>Open the '''M10_5m_003_1d_O.csv''' from the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\results\csv''' folder. 
<li>The file reports the time varying status of the pipe and dam failure, and the resulting flows and dimensions:
:*The dam failure is triggered by the percent completion of the pipe failure, it begins when the pipe failure ends. 
:*The 'Flow Intact' column is flow overtopping the dam that occurs before the dam break, in this example the dam does not overtop. The 'Flow Failed' column is the flow during and after the dam break. <br>
<ol>[[File:M10 003 Result 1d O PF 01a.png]]</ol><br>
:*After approximately 1.5 hours the dam failure is 'Fully Open', the  'Breach Depth' is 20m, 'Top Width' is 25m, 'Bottom Width' is 1.9m.<br>
<ol>[[File:M10_003_Result_1d_O DF 01a.png]]</ol><br>
</ol>
<br>

=Part 4 - Boundary Condition Breach Hydrograph=
Simulate a dam break using an inflow hydrograph. All other inflows are removed from the model.<br>
'''Part 4 builds from the model created in <u>[[Tutorial_M10#Part_1_-_2D_Variable_Geometry_Time_Trigger | Part 1]].</u>'''

== GIS Inputs ==
Create, import and view input data:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_004_GIS_Inputs_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Simulation Control Files == 
===TUFLOW Geometry Control File (TGC) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M10_001.tgc''' as '''M10_004.tgc''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder. <br>
<li>Open the '''M10_004.tgc''' in a text editor.
<li>Comment out or delete the reference to the Variable Z Shape:<br>
<font color="green"><tt>! Read GIS Variable Z Shape == gis\2d_vzsh_M10_dambreak_001_R.shp </tt></font> 
<li>Save the TGC.
</ol>

===TUFLOW Boundary Control File (TBC) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M10_001.tbc''' as '''M10_004.tbc''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\model''' folder. <br>
<li>Open the '''M10_004.tbc''' in a text editor.
<li>Comment out or delete the reference to the upstream 2d_sa inflow and internal 2d_sa inflows representing the four flows on the internal catchments, the module is simulating flow from the dam break only:<br>
<font color="green"><tt>! Read GIS SA == gis\2d_sa_M01_001_R.shp	</tt></font><br>
<font color="green"><tt>! Read GIS SA == gis\2d_sa_M10_inflow_001_R.shp 	</tt></font><br>
<li>Include a reference to the new 2D source area boundary representing the flow from the dam break:<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Read GIS SA </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>gis\2d_sa_M10_dambreak_004_R.shp	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reads in 2D source area boundaries</tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the TBC.
</ol>

===TUFLOW Boundary Condition Database (bc_dbase)===
Update the bc_dbase with a reference to the dam break hydrograph:
<ol>
<li>Navigate to the '''Module_10\Tutorial_Data''' folder. Copy the '''dambreak_M10_004.csv''' into the ''' Module_10\TUFLOW\bc_dbase''' folder. This file contains the dam break hydrograph applied at the 2d_sa polygon. <br>
<br>
[[File:M10 004 hydrograph.png]]<br>
<br> 
<li>Save a copy of '''bc_dbase.csv''' as '''bc_dbase_M10_004.csv''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\bc_dbase''' folder. <br>
<li>Open the '''bc_dbase_M10_004.csv''' file and add the additional inflow data to row 8:<br>
<br>
[[File:M10 004 bc dbase 01.png]]<br>
<br>
<li>Save the bc_dbase.
</ol>

=== TUFLOW Control File (TCF) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M10_5m_001.tcf''' as '''M10_5m_004.tcf''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder. 
<li>Open the '''M10_5m_004.tcf''' in a text editor.
<li>Update the reference of the TGC: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Geometry Control File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\M10_004.tgc	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the TUFLOW Geometry Control File</tt></font> <br>
<li>Update the reference of the TBC: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>BC Control File </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\model\M10_004.tbc	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the TUFLOW Boundary Conditions Control File</tt></font> <br>
<li>Update the reference of the bc_dbase: <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>BC Database </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>..\bc_dbase\bc_dbase_M10_004.csv	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Reference the Boundary Conditions Database</tt></font> <br>
<li>A Timestep Maximum command is required in some dam break models to ensure the timestep does not get too large during periods where cells are dry (causing the model to become unstable). Include the command in the 'Time Control' section: <br> 
<font color="blue"><tt>Timestep Maximum </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>2.5</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt>  ! Specifies a maximum timestep of 2.5 seconds</tt></font> <br>
<li>Comment out or delete the reference to the Initial Water Level:<br>
<font color="green"><tt>! Read GIS IWL == ..\model\gis\2d_iwl_M10_001_R.shp	! Reads in initial water level </tt></font> 
<li>Save the TCF.
</ol>

== Running the Simulation ==
<ol>
<li>Open '''_run_M10_HPC.bat''' in a text editor from the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder.
<li>Update the batch file to reference the '''M10_5m_004.tcf''' :<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>exe</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>"..\..\..\exe\2023-03-AA\TUFLOW_iSP_w64.exe"</tt></font> <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>run</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>start "TUFLOW" /wait</tt></font> <font color="orange"><tt> %exe%</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> -b</tt></font> <br>
<font color="orange"><tt>%run% </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>M10_5m_004.tcf </tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the batch file and double click it in file explorer to run the simulation.
</ol>

== Troubleshooting == 
See tips on common mistakes and troubleshooting steps if the model doesn't run:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_Troubleshooting_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Check Files ==
While the model is running, review the added features are specified correctly:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_004_Check_Files_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Results==
When the model is finished, review the results:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_004_Results_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>
<br>

=Part 5 - Non-Newtonian=
TUFLOW supports the modelling of Non-Newtonian fluids. It is a fluid that does not follow Newton's law of viscosity (i.e. constant viscosity independent of stress). The viscosity can change when under force to behave either more liquid or more solid. This can occur in a dam break due to the sediment contained within the dam. <br>

For more information, see Section 5.4 of the latest <u>[https://downloads.tuflow.com/TUFLOW/Releases/2020-10/TUFLOW%20Release%20Notes.2020-10-AD.pdf Release Notes]</u> and watch the <u>[https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=MeDQ35zTexU&t=2159s Tsunami and Dam Failure and Non-Newtonian Modelling]</u> video (from 36 minutes). <br>

'''Part 5 builds from the model created in <u>[[Tutorial_M10#Part_4_-_Boundary_Condition_Breach_Hydrograph | Part 4]].</u>'''

== Simulation Control Files == 
=== TUFLOW Control File (TCF) ===
<ol>
<li>Save a copy of '''M10_5m_004.tcf''' as '''M10_5m_005.tcf''' in the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder. 
<li>Open the '''M10_5m_005.tcf''' in a text editor.
<li>Include the following commands to turn on the Non-Newtonian viscosity formulation and specify the viscosity coefficients, at the end of the TCF: <br>
<font color="green"><tt>! NON-NEWTONIAN</tt></font><Br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Viscosity Formulation </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>Non-Newtonian	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Specifies Non-Newtonian viscosity formulation</tt></font> <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>Viscosity Coefficients </tt></font> <font color="red"><tt>== </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>60, 1, 0, 1000, 600	</tt></font> <font color="green"><tt> ! Specifies viscosity coefficients: k, n, muLow, muHigh, tau0</tt></font> <br>
Where:
:*k: viscosity coefficient (Pa.s^n)
:*𝑛: shear thickening exponent, must be non zero and positive (shear thinning fluids exhibit 𝑛 < 1, shear thickening 𝑛 > 1, and Newtonian fluids 𝑛 = 1)
:*muLow: lower viscosity limit (Pa.s)
:*muHigh: higher viscosity limit (Pa.s)
:*tau0: shear yield stress (Pa)
<li>Save the TCF.
</ol>

== Running the Simulation ==
<ol>
<li>Open '''_run_M10_HPC.bat''' in a text editor from the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs''' folder.
<li>Update the batch file to reference the '''M10_5m_005.tcf''':<br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>exe</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>"..\..\..\exe\2023-03-AA\TUFLOW_iSP_w64.exe"</tt></font> <br>
<font color="blue"><tt>'''set'''</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>run</tt></font><font color="red"><tt>=</tt></font><font color="black"><tt>start "TUFLOW" /wait</tt></font> <font color="orange"><tt> %exe%</tt></font> <font color="black"><tt> -b</tt></font> <br>
<font color="orange"><tt>%run% </tt></font> <font color="black"><tt>M10_5m_005.tcf </tt></font> <br>
<li>Save the batch file and double click it in file explorer to run the simulation.
</ol>

== Troubleshooting == 
See tips on common mistakes and troubleshooting steps if the model doesn't run:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_Troubleshooting_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>

== Check Files ==
While the model is running, review the added features are specified correctly:
<ol>
<li>Open the '''M10_5m_005.tlf''' from the '''Module_10\TUFLOW\runs\log''' folder in a text editor. 
<li>Search for 'Viscosity Formulation' and review the input values:<br>
<br>
[[File:M10 005 Check 01a.png]]<br>
</ol>

== Results==
When the model is finished, review the results:
:*<u>[[Tutorial_M10_005_Results_QGIS | QGIS]]</u>
<br>

= Conclusion =
:*A dam break was modelled using five methods - time trigger, water level trigger, 1D piping and dam failure using a TUFLOW Operations Control (TOC), using an inflow hydrograph and with Non-Newtonian flow.
:*Non-Newtonian flow was modelled and results compared to Newtonian flow. 
:*TUFLOW log files and GIS layers were used to check the dam break was modelled correctly.
:*New bathymetry map output and 1D operational structure time series data were inspected.
<br>

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