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Line 3: * <font color="blue">Read GIS Layered FC Shape</font> <font color="red">==</font> 2d_fcsh_... The TUFLOW 2D solution automatically predicts the majority of “macro” losses due to the expansion and contraction of water through a constriction, or around a bend, provided the resolution of the grid is sufficiently fine ([http://www.tuflow.com/Download/Publications/Flow%20Through%20an%20Abrupt%20Constriction%20-%202D%20Hydrodynamic%20Performance%20and%20Influence%20of%20Spatial%20Resolution,%20Barton,%202001.pdf Barton, 2001]; [http://www.tuflow.com/Download/Publications/Modelling%20of%20Bends%20and%20Hydraulic%20Structures%20in%20a%202D%20Scheme,%20Syme,%202001.pdf Syme, 2001]; [http://www.tuflow.com/Download/Technical_Memos/Modelling%20Bridge%20Piers%20in%202D%20using%20TUFLOW.pdf Ryan, 2013]). Where the 2D model is not of fine enough resolution to simulate the “micro” losses (e.g. from bridge piers, vena contracta, losses in the vertical (3rd) dimension), additional form loss coefficients and/or modifications to the cells widths and flow height need to be added. This can be done by using flow constrictions. • The additional or “micro” losses, ~~which may~~can be derived from information in publications, such as ''Hydraulics of Bridge Waterways,'' ~~need~~([http://www.ciccp.es/ImgWeb/Castilla%20y%20Leon/Documentaci%C3%B3n%20T%C3%A9cnica/Hydraulics%20of%20Bridge%20Waterways%20(1978).pdf toFHA, ~~be either:~~1973]).▼ Where the 2D model is not of fine enough resolution to simulate the “micro” losses (e.g. from bridge piers, vena contracta, losses in the vertical (3rd) dimension), additional form loss coefficients and/or modifications to the cells widths and flow height need to be added. This can be done by using flow constrictions. , need to be either: The following should be noted when adapting structure loss coefficients from a 1D model or from coefficients that apply across the entire waterway, for example, from Hydraulics of Bridge Waterways (FHA 1973): ▲• The additional or “micro” losses, which may be derived from information in publications, such as Hydraulics of Bridge Waterways, need to be either: o Distributed evenly over the FC cells across the waterway by dividing the overall additional loss coefficient by the number of cells (in the direction of flow); or o Assigned unevenly (e.g. more at the cells with the bridge piers), however, the total of the loss coefficients should be equivalent to the required overall additional loss coefficient.

TUFLOW 2D Hydraulic Structures: Difference between revisions