TUFLOW SWMM Tutorial M02

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Introduction

This tutorial, Module 2 of the TUFLOW SWMM tutorial dataset will demonstrate how to model underground stormwater pipe networks using SWMM, linked to the TUFLOW HPC 2D solution scheme.
TUFLOW SWMM Tutorial Module 2 builds from the model created in TUFLOW SWMM Tutorial Module 1. The completed TUFLOW SWMM Module 1 model is provided in the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW folder of the download dataset as the starting point for this tutorial. If you are not already familiar with TUFLOW SWMM linking, we recommend first completing Module 1 before this tutorial.

QGIS Project Initialization

QGIS Version 3.34 or newer, and QGIS TUFLOW Plugin 3.9.0.49 or newer are required to access the SWMM Processing Tools described in the following sections. For installation, see Installation of TUFLOW Plugin.
Define the Coordinate Reference System (CRS), also called ‘Projection’, for the QGIS workspace:

  1. Open QGIS.
  2. Go to Project > Properties…
  3. In the CRS tab, type ‘WGS 84 / UTM Zone 60S’.
  4. Select the matching projection in the 'Predefined Coordinate Reference Systems' section.
  5. Click ‘Apply’ and ‘OK’.
  6. Ensure that the projection is set correctly by viewing the bottom right hand corner of the workspace. It should read ‘EPSG:32760’.



Load in the project GIS layers:

  1. Click on the ‘Load TUFLOW Layers from TCF’ symbol from the TUFLOW Plugin toolbar.
    Tuflow plugin load tcf layers.png

  2. In File Explorer, navigate to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW\runs folder and select TS01_5m_001.tcf.
  3. In the Load Layers window, select:
    • Ordering Options: Alphabetical
    • Grouping Options: Group by control file
    • Raster Load Options: Load Normally
  4. Click ‘Open’ and ‘OK’.


Style the TUFLOW layers. Suggested styling steps were provided in TUFLOW SWMM Tutorial M01. They have not been duplicated here.

Save the QGIS Workspace:

  1. Go to Project > Save As.
  2. Navigate to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02 folder and type SWMM_M02 as the filename with the extension .qgz.


SWMM Inputs

Create SWMM GeoPackage Spatial Database

In QGIS, create a SWMM GeoPackage Database for the new pipe network features:

  1. Go to Processing > Toolbox from the top dropdown menu options to open the Processing Toolbox Panel.
  2. Go to TUFLOW > SWMM in the processing tool list and select 'GeoPackage - Create'. This opens the dialog shown below.
    • To set the ‘CRS for GeoPackage’: Click the drop down menu and select ‘Project CRS: EPSG:32760 - WGS 84 / UTM zone 60S’.
    • To set the ‘Initial SWMM Sections’: Click the …, and tick on:
      • Project--Title, Project--Report.
      • Nodes--Junctions, Nodes--Outfalls.
      • Links--Conduits, Links--Streets.
      • Inlets--Inlets.
    Note: In Module 1 we also included Project--Options in the GeoPackage file. Project--Options is not required this time as this Tutorial model will use two SWMM INP files. The file created during Module 1 (for the road culverts) and the INP is to be created from this GeoPackage (for the underground pipe network inputs). When TUFLOW processes SWMM inputs, it combines the multiple INP files into one before simulation. As such, the details from the Module 1 Project--Options input will be used in this tutorial. If Project--Options are included in multiple Geopackage/INP files, the entry that is referenced lowest in the TUFLOW SWMM Control (TSCF) will be used.
    • To define the ‘GPKG filename to create’: Click the …, select ‘Save to File’. Navigate to the TUFLOW\model\swmm folder and save the GeoPackage Database as sw02_001.gpkg.
  3. Click 'Run'.
  4. Once to tool has finished, click ‘Close’.
  5. In File Explorer, navigate to the TUFLOW\model\swmm folder and drag and drop sw02_001.gpkg into QGIS.
  6. When prompted by QGIS, under 'Options', tick on 'Add layers to group', then select 'Add Layers' to open all vectors within sw02_001.gpkg. By default, all items in the available list should have been selected.
  7. In the QGIS Layers panel, move sw02_001.gpkg to the top of the list. This will ensure the data within this database file is displayed above all other layers in the project.


GIS Data Entry

A GeoPackage called Urban_Development.gpkg is provided in the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\Tutorial_Data folder. It contains three SWMM input layers:

  • Pipes: defines the underground pipe network location, type and geometry.
  • Junctions: defines the pipe network inlets.
  • Outfalls: defines the pipe network outlet.


To populate the GeoPackage created in the previous section:

  1. In Windows Explorer, navigate to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\Tutorial_Data folder. Drag and drop the Urban_Development.gpkg into QGIS.
  2. When prompted by QGIS, under 'Options', tick on 'Add layers to group', then select Pipes, Junctions and Outfalls (hold Ctrl to select multiple). Click 'Add Layers'.
  3. In the QGIS Layers panel, right click on the Pipes layer and select 'Zoom to Layer'.
  4. Use the 'Select Features' tool to highlight all items included in Pipes.
  5. Select 'Edit' from the top QGIS tab and 'Copy Features' from the drop down menu.
  6. Select the Links--Conduits layer in the Layers panel by left clicking on it once.
  7. Make the Links--Conduits layer editable by clicking the 'Toggle Editing' symbol Toggle editing icon.png.
  8. Select 'Edit' from the top QGIS tab and click 'Paste Features' from the drop down menu.
  9. Toggle the editing off to save the edits.


  10. Similarly, copy the objects from Junctions into Nodes--Junctions. Junctions are considered inlets, and should be defined at the upstream end of culverts.
  11. Also copy the objects from Outfalls into Nodes--Outfalls. Outfalls are treated as outlets, and are required at the downstream end of culverts.
  12. Toggle off editing to save the edits.
  13. Remove Urban_Development.gpkg


  14. Inspect the attribute information within the respective layers to familiarize yourself with the data.


GIS Data Updates

The provided GIS data requires numerous updates, prior to our model simulation. We have built these updates into this tutorial to demonstrate some of the available TUFLOW SWMM model built processing tools.

The following updates are being made to Objects and Layers within sw02_001.gpkg.

Update SWMM Inlet Usage Layer Details

An Inlet Usage Layer defines the physical location of inlets to the pipe network. It also defines some of the site specific geometry, such as Inlet, Elevation, Slope, Placement type (on-grade or on-sag). To reduce data entry requirements for this tutorial, a complete Inlet Usage Layer has been provided, swmm_iu_TS02_001.

  1. Navigate to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\Tutorial_Data folder and save a copy of swmm_iu_TS02_001 in the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW\model\swmm folder.
  2. Navigate to the TUFLOW\model\swmm folder. Drag and drop swmm_iu_TS02_001 into the QGIS workspace.

When you progress from this tutorial to project modeling, you will need to create an Inlet Usage Layer yourself. The template file for this is available from model\gis\empty\swmm_iu_empty.gpkg. The file is created during the initial 'Write Empty' step of the model build process (refer to TUFLOW Tutorial Model 1).

The "Inlet" Attribute within swmm_iu_TS02_001 is an ID reference to inlet geometry and associated information listed within sw02_001.gpkg >> Inlets--Inlets. A single inlet type, 'Combo1', was referenced in swmm_iu_TS02_001 (the provided Inlet Usage Layer). In recognition of this, we need to create the entry for "Combo1" in the Inlets--Inlets Layer.

  1. In the QGIS Layers Panel, select (left click) Inlets--Inlets and toggle on editing.
  2. Right click Inlets--Inlets and select 'Open Attribute Table'.
  3. Click 'Add Feature'. Enter the following attributes (leave all other fields as NULL):
    • Name: Combo1
    • Type: COMBINATION
    • Grate_Length: 1.5
    • Grate_Width: 0.5
    • Grate_Type: P_BAR-50
    • Curb_Length: 1.5
    • Curb_Height: 0.2
    • Curb_Throat: VERTICAL
  4. Turn off editing to save the edits.


Update Streets Details

Street cross-section information is needed for SWMM on-grade inlet flow calculations. A single street cross-section type named 'Xsec1', is referenced in swmm_iu_TS02_001 (the Inlet Usage Layer) using the 'StreetXSEC' field.
We will now define this street cross-section type and its attributes.

  1. In the QGIS Layers Panel, select (left click) Links--Streets and toggle on editing.
  2. Right click Links--Streets and select 'Open Attribute Table'.
  3. Click 'Add Feature'. Enter the following attributes:
    • Name: Xsec1
    • Tcrown: 10
    • Hcurb: 0.2
    • Sx: 4
    • nRoad: 0.014
    • a: 0
    • W: 0
    • Sides: 1
    • Tback: 5
    • Sback: 4
    • nBack: 0.016
  4. Turn off editing to save the edits.


Update Conduit Details

The From Node and To Node attribute information in Links---Conduits is necessary to "build" the 1D SWMM network. It defines the Link/Node connections. The information we will be adding to Links--Conduits is extracted from Nodes--Junctions and Nodes--Outfalls automatically using the 'Conduits - Assign Node Fields' tool from the Processing Toolbox.

  1. In the QGIS Layers Panel, select (left click) Links--Conduits and toggle on editing.
  2. In the Processing Toolbox, select the 'Edit Features In-Place' tool Edit features in place icon.png. This allows the editing of an existing layer, instead of the creation of a new layer.
  3. Go to TUFLOW > SWMM in the processing tool list and select 'Conduits - Assign Node Fields'. This opens the dialog shown below.
  4. Tick on the SWMM Node Layers: Nodes--Junctions and Nodes--Outfalls.
  5. Select 'Modify All Features'.
  6. Once the tool has finished, click 'Close'.
  7. Turn off editing to save the edits.
  8. View the attributes associated within Links--Conduits to verify the data processing has been completed correctly. The From Node and To Node attribute information is now configured correctly.
    Tip: If you wish to only update select objects during a future modeling project, instead of the entire Link--Conduits dataset, select the target objects first using the Feature by Area tool. The Conduits - Assign Node Fields tool will provide an option to Modify Selected Features, instead of Modify All Features.


Update Losses

Update the loss attributes in the Links--Conduits Layer. These values will be entered automatically using the 'Conduits - Assign losses' tool from the Processing Toolbox.

  1. In the QGIS Layers Panel, select (left click) Links--Conduits and toggle on editing.
  2. In the Processing Toolbox, select the 'Edit Features In-Place' tool Edit features in place icon.png. This allows the editing of an existing layer, instead of the creation of a new layer.
  3. Go to TUFLOW > SWMM in the processing tool list and select 'Conduits - Assign losses'. This opens the dialog shown below.
    • Input inlet usage features: swmm_iu_TS02_001.
    • Entrance loss furthest upstream channels: 0.5
    • Entrance loss for channels not furthest upstream: 0.2
    • Exit loss furthest downstream channels: 1.0
    • Exit loss for channels not furthest downstream: 0.4
  4. Select 'Modify All Features'.
  5. After the tool processing has finished, click 'Close'.
  6. Turn off editing to save the edits.
  7. View the attributes associated within Links--Conduits to verify the data processing has been completed correctly. The 'losses_Kentry', 'losses_Kexit' and 'losses_Kavg' attribute information is now configured correctly.


1D/2D Linking

The 1D SWMM / 2D TUFLOW linkage locations to connect the pipe network inlets to the surface have already automatically been defined in the SWMM Inlet Usage Layer, swmm_iu_TS02_001, using the "Conn1D_2D" attribute.


    Swmm iu TS02 001 attribute table Conn1D2D.png


To complete the pipe network, 1D/2D linkage is needed at the outlet of the pipe network. The 'BC - Create channel endpoint 1D/2D connections' tool will be used to automate this process.

  1. In the QGIS Layers Panel, select (left click) Links--Conduits and toggle on editing.
  2. Use the 'Select Features' tool to select the most downstream object in Links--Conduits.
  3. In the Processing Toolbox, go to TUFLOW > SWMM and select 'BC - Create channel endpoint 1D/2D connections'. This opens the dialog shown below.
    • Input Conduits Layer: Links--Conduits
    • Tick on 'Selected features only'
    • Offset Distance: 2
    • Length of BC lines: 10
    • Tick on 'Set 2D cell elevation to 1D culvert invert at 1D/2D connection cells if needed'.
    • Output Layer:
    1. Click the ... and select 'Save to GeoPackage'.
    2. Navigate to the TUFLOW\model\swmm folder and select sw02_001.gpkg. Click Save.
    3. A dialog will open. In the Layer Name box, write 2d_bc_SWMM_Pipe_Network_Connections_001_L.
    4. Click 'OK'.
  4. Click 'Run'.
  5. Once the tool is finished, click 'Close'.
  6. The 2d_bc_SWMM_Pipe_Network_Connections_001_L appears in the Layers Panel.
  7. Turn off editing to save the edits.


  8. In the QGIS Layers Panel, select (left click) 2d_bc_SWMM_Pipe_Network_Connections_001_L and toggle on editing.
  9. The 'BC - Create channel endpoint 1D/2D connections' tool has created 1D connections at the upstream and downstream end of the selected pipe. We only require the downstream outlet objects, as all pipe network inlets are defined in swmm_iu_TS02_001. Thus, we can delete the connections from the upstream end of the pipe (two CN and one HX lines).
  10. Use the 'Select Features' tool to select the connections on the upstream end of the pipe.
  11. In the QGIS Layers Panel, right click 2d_bc_SWMM_Pipe_Network_Connections_001_L and select 'Open Attribute Table'.
  12. The selected connections will be highlighted in blue. Click 'Delete Selected Features'.
  13. Turn off editing to save the edits.


Update SWMM Junction Details

  1. In the QGIS Layers Panel, select (left click) Nodes--Junctions and toggle on editing.
  2. In the Processing Toolbox, select the 'Edit Features In-Place' tool. This allows the editing of an existing layer, instead of the creation of a new layer.
  3. Go to TUFLOW > SWMM in the processing tool list and select 'Junctions - Set attributes' processing tool. This opens the dialog shown below.
    • Input Inlet Usage Layers: swmm_iu_TS02_001
    • Input BC Connection Layers: 2d_bc_SWMM_Pipe_Network_Connections_001_L
    • Nodes connected to 2D with Inlets (Ysur): 0
    • Nodes connected to 2D with Inlets (Area of ponding): 5
    • Nodes connected to 2D without Inlets (Ysur): 0
    • Nodes connected to 2D without Inlets (Apond): 50
    • Nodes without 2D Connection (Surcharge Depth): 50
    • Nodes without 2D Connection (Area of ponding): 0
  4. Select 'Modify All Features'.
  5. Once the tool has finished, click 'Close'.
  6. Turn off editing to save the edits.
  7. View the attributes associated within Nodes--Junctions to verify the data processing has been completed correctly.


SWMM Options

The model we are building will use two SWMM INP files.

  • sw01_001.inp was already created in TUFLOW SWMM Tutorial Module 1. It contained details defining the three culverts under the roads in the model. It also contained the associated 1D SWMM / 2D TUFLOW connection Layer objects and the Project--Options necessary to execute the SWMM simulation. sw01_001.inp has been included in the base model we are using for Module 2. No changes will be made to it.
  • We will create a new INP file for the SWMM pipe network inputs (covered in the next section). As SWMM Options are already included in sw01_001.inp, they are not needed in this second (new) INP file. As such, no new SWMM Option commands are necessary for this tutorial.

Note: If Project--Options are included in multiple GeoPackage/INP files, the entry that is referenced lowest in the TUFLOW SWMM Control File (TSCF) will be used.

Export SWMM INP File

We will now create a new INP file for the SWMM pipe network inputs. To do this, we need to convert sw02_001.gpkg into a SWMM INP file.

  1. In the Processing Toolbox, go to TUFLOW > SWMM and select 'GeoPackage - Write to SWMM inp'. This opens the dialog shown below.
    • GeoPackage Input File: Navigate to the TUFLOW\model\swmm folder and select sw02_001.gpkg.
  2. By default, this tool will save the SWMM inp file in the same folder location and with the same name as the GeoPackage input file. In this case, it will save sw02_001.inp to the TUFLOW\model\swmm folder.
  3. Click 'Run'.
  4. Once the tool is finished, click 'Close'.


TUFLOW Boundary Updates

We will be using TUFLOW's 2D direct rainfall (also known as rain on grid) functionality for the catchment inflow boundary condition approach to demonstrate flows into the pipe network inlets. There are a wide range of direct rainfall options built into TUFLOW, including:

  • Globally uniform rainfall: This method applies temporally varied rainfall uniformly (spatially) over the entire model.
  • Spatially varying rainfall: This method applies temporally varied rainfall with spatial variation defined using polygon delineation, grid raster files or inbuilt TUFLOW TIN triangulation routines.


The focus of this tutorial is not to demonstrate the available direct rainfall options. As such, we will be using the simplest approach, globally uniform rainfall. It does not require any GIS updates to implement the boundary condition change. Updates will be limited to the Boundary Condition Database reference and Control File syntax updates. Both are addressed in the next section. If you are interested in learning about the available direct rainfall options, please refer to TUFLOW Tutorial Module 6.

  1. Copy rainfall_stations.csv from the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\Tutorial_Data folder to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW\bc_dbase folder.
  2. Copy bc_dbase_TS02_001.csv from the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\Tutorial_Data folder to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW\bc_dbase folder.


It is common to use depth varying manning's roughness when using direct rainfall. A Materials File using depth varying inputs has been provided.

  1. Copy materials_TS02_002.csv from the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\Tutorial_Data folder to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW\model folder.


TUFLOW Geometry Update

We will update TUFLOW's 2D elevation and landuse to represent changes associated with the urban development.

First, we will establish the TUFLOW GeoPackage database for these updates.

  1. Navigate to the TUFLOW\model\gis folder. Save a copy of M02_001.gpkg as TS02_001.gpkg.

We will now copy new TUFLOW geometry inputs to the new GeoPackage database:

  1. Right click anywhere in the QGIS Toolbar Panel and tick on 'Browser Panel' from the 'Panels' options.
  2. Within the QGIS Browser Panel, there is a dropdown directory, 'Project Home'. This directory is a shortcut to the location where the QGIS Workspace is saved. In this case, it is a shortcut to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02 folder.
  3. In the 'Project Home' directory, navigate to the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\Tutorial_Data folder.
  4. Drag the following layers from the Urban_Development.gpkg and drop them into the TS02_001.gpkg contained within the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW\model\gis folder:
    • 2d_mat_TS02_Dev_Buildings_001_R
    • 2d_mat_TS02_Dev_Lots_001_R
    • 2d_ztin_TS02_Dev_001_L
    • 2d_ztin_TS02_Dev_001_P
    • 2d_ztin_TS02_Dev_001_R

Note: The focus of this tutorial is not to demonstrate 2D geometry updates. If you are interested in learning about the above 2d_ztin and 2d_mat changes, please refer to TUFLOW Tutorial Module 2.


Simulation Control Files

To avoid the potential risk of overwriting existing control files accidentally, we will start by saving new control files where we will be making subsequent syntax updates during the following steps.

  1. Open TS01_5m_001.tcf in a Text Editor (Notepad++ is recommended). Save the file as TS02_5m_001.tcf in the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW\runs folder.
  2. Using the 'Open File' function in Notepad++:
    • Open M02_001.tgc, and save the file as TS02_001.tgc in the TUFLOW\model folder.
    • Open TS01_001.tbc, and save the file as TS02_001.tbc in the TUFLOW\model folder.
    • Open TS01_001.tscf, and save the file as TS02_001.tscf in the TUFLOW\model folder.

TUFLOW Control File (TCF)

  1. Open TS02_001.tcf.
  2. Make the following reference updates:
    Spatial Database == ..\model\gis\TS02_001.gpkg ! Specify the location of the GeoPackage Spatial Database
    Geometry Control File == ..\model\TS02_001.tgc ! Reference the TUFLOW Geometry Control File
    BC Control File == ..\model\TS02_001.tbc ! Reference the TUFLOW Boundary Condition Control File
    BC Database == ..\bc_dbase\bc_dbase_TS02_001.csv ! Reference the Boundary Condition Database
    Read Materials File == ..\model\materials_TS02_002.csv ! Reference the Materials Definition File
    SWMM Control File == ..\model\TS02_001.tscf ! Reference the SWMM (1D) Control File
  3. Add the following line in the 'Output Settings' section:
    Map Cutoff Depth == 0.05 ! Sets map cutoff depth of 0.05 meters
  4. Save the TCF.


TUFLOW Geometry Control File (TGC)

  1. Open TS02_001.tgc. If using Notepad++, right click the file reference in TS02_5m_001.tcf and select 'Open File'.
  2. Add the following lines in the 'Materials' section:
    Create TIN Zpts == 2d_ztin_TS02_Dev_001_R | 2d_ztin_TS02_Dev_001_L | 2d_ztin_TS02_Dev_001_P ! Urban Development Topography TIN
    Read GIS Mat == 2d_mat_TS02_Dev_Lots_001_R ! Urban Development Landuse 1
    Read GIS Mat == 2d_mat_TS02_Dev_Buildings_001_R  ! Urban Development Landuse 2
  3. Save the TGC.


TUFLOW Boundary Control File (TBC)

  1. Open TS02_001.tbc. If using Notepad++, right click the file reference in TS02_5m_001.tcf and select 'Open File'.
  2. Comment out the 'Read GIS SA' command by placing '!' before the command:
    ! Read GIS SA == 2d_sa_M01_001_R
  3. Add the following additional command lines:
    Global Rainfall BC == RF_FC04 ! Reads in global rainfall
    Read GIS BC == swmm\sw02_001.gpkg >> 2d_bc_SWMM_Pipe_Network_Connections_001_L ! Links the 1D Pipe Network Outlets to the 2D domain
  4. Save the TBC.


TUFLOW SWMM Control File (TSCF)

  1. Open TS02_001.tscf. If using Notepad++, right click the file reference in TS02_5m_001.tcf and select 'Open File'.
  2. Add the following command lines after 'Read SWMM == swmm\sw01_001.inp':
    Read SWMM == swmm\sw02_001.inp ! 1D SWMM Pipe Network Input File
    Read GIS SWMM Inlet Usage == swmm\swmm_iu_TS02_001.gpkg >> swmm_iu_TS02_001 ! 1D SWMM Pipe Network Inlet Usage Layer
  3. Save the TSCF.


Running the Simulation

  1. Save a copy of _run_TS01_HPC.bat as _run_TS02_HPC.bat in the TUFLOW_SWMM_Module_02\TUFLOW\runs folder.
  2. Update the batch file to reference the TS02_5m_001.tcf :
    set exe="..\..\..\exe\2023-03-AD\TUFLOW_iSP_w64.exe"
    set run=start "TUFLOW" /wait %exe% -b
    %run% TS02_5m_001.tcf
  3. Double click the batch file in Windows Explorer to run the simulation.
    If the model simulation doesn't run, here is a link to some common Trouble Shooting advice.



Check Files and Results Output

Complete the steps outlines in the following link to review check files and simulation results from the TUFLOW SWMM model simulation:

TUFLOW SWMM Tutorial 02 Check Files
TUFLOW SWMM Tutorial 02 Results

Conclusion

  • 1D EPA SWMM pipe network features and 2D direct rainfall (rain on grid) hydrology have been added to the tutorial model.


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