Flood Modeller Tutorial Module01

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Introduction

In this module we will link an existing 2D TUFLOW domain to an existing Flood Modeller 1D model. The 2D TUFLOW domain will represent the floodplain in the study area, and the 1D Flood Modeller model will represent the watercourse and all online structures.

1D-2D linked models are able to utilise the individual benefits of 1D and 2D solution schemes. In this example, the 1D Flood Modeller scheme is used to represent the watercourses where the flow is essentially one-directional. A 2D scheme is suited to the representation of floodplains where a more detailed flow patterns may occur.

As discussed in Module 1, the main creek channel is not very well represented using the 5m 2D cell size. In parts, the creek is only 5-10m wide and the 5m cell size could be considered too coarse to accurately represent the creek topography. Refer to the below figure.
Poor 2d rep.png
Using a cell size that is coarse relative to the width of the creek channel may reduce the accuracy of the conveyance in the channel and introduce a source of mass error to the model. There are two options for improving the representation of the creek channel:

  • decrease the width of the 2D cells; and/or
  • model the channel as a 1D network, dynamically linked to the 2D domain (the floodplain).

In the optional section of module 1, we looked at reducing the cell size to get a better representation of the channel. In this module we will adopt the second approach of modelling the creek as 1D elements in Flood Modeller.

TUFLOW may be dynamically linked to 1D networks using the hydrodynamic solutions of ESTRY (TUFLOW 1D), Flood Modeller (previously ISIS), XP-SWMM and 12D Solutions’ Dynamic Drainage.
Setting up a 1D/2D model where the 1D channel cuts through the 2D domain is probably the most time-consuming type of a model to setup. However, the reduction in simulation time can be beneficial and make this a good approach. For this module, the complete Flood Modeller 1D model has been provided, so you can progress through the module in a relatively short period of time.

Existing Model Data

This tutorial builds upon the 2D TUFLOW domain that was constructed as part of Module 1 and Module 2 of the TUFLOW Tutorial Models.
The model developed in these tutorial modules already contains some culverts modelled as 1D elements. The culverts are modelled in ESTRY, TUFLOW's internal 1D engine. One of these culverts will be kept in ESTRY and the other will be changed to Flood Modeller.
The 2D boundary conditions (upstream inflows and downstream stage-discharge boundary) will be removed from the model. These will instead be represented in Flood Modeller as it is a more typical schematisation for a 1D/2D linked model.
The existing TUFLOW model consists of:

  • Definition of Active/In-Active Areas
  • Definition of Land Use
  • 1D ESTRY culverts
  • 1D/2D boundary links to connect the 1D ESTRY culverts to the 2D TUFLOW domain.

If you need more information on these elements, we recommend that you work through Module 1 and Module 2.

Flood Modeller

A complete Flood Modeller 1D model of the watercourse has been provided for the purposes of this tutorial.
The model data has been arranged in the following folder structure:

  • DAT: Contains the Flood Modeller 1D network file.
  • IED: Contains event data of the model.
  • IEF: A blank folder in which to store Flood Modeller Event Files used to simulate the model.
  • RES: A blank folder in which to write the Flood Modeller result files.

For further information on each file type, please refer to the Flood Modeller User Manual.
For this tutorial, the floodplain of the study area will be modelled entirely in TUFLOW. The cross-sections in the Flood Modeller 1D model have been trimmed to the top of bank to ensure there is no double-counting of storage within the floodplain. Upstream and downstream boundary data is contained separately within the IED files. These will be referenced and linked to the Flood Modeller 1D model via the IEF 1D simulation file.

GIS and Model Inputs

The steps necessary to modify each of the GIS inputs are demonstrated in MapInfo, ArcGIS and QGIS. At each stage please select your GIS package to view relevant instructions.

Define the External 1D Networks

This part of the module creates the GIS layers that specify the location of the Flood Modeller nodes that are to be connected to the 2D domain. Follow the instructions below for your preferred GIS package.

Define the 1D/2D Boundary Links

This part of the module creates the 1D/2D boundaries to link the Flood Modeller 1D component to the TUFLOW 2D domain. Follow the instructions below for your preferred GIS package.

Define Bank Elevations

This part of the module defines the bank elevations of the watercourse which are the elevations of the 1D/2D boundary links created in the previous section. Follow the instructions below for your preferred GIS package.

Deactivate 2D cells

This part of the module describes the steps to deactivate the 2D cells where the 1D model is replacing the 2D solution. Follow the instructions below for your preferred GIS package.

Modify Simulation Control Files

Now that we have made all of the necessary changes to the GIS layers, we need to update the TUFLOW control files and Flood Modeller Simulation Files to create a linked model.

TUFLOW Control Files

TUFLOW Geometry Control File

We will first update the TUFLOW Geometry Control (TGC) file.
The following changes have been changes made to the geometry:

  • We have turned off the cells in the channel (as these are now modelled in Flood Modeller)
  • We have added the bank lines as topography amendments.


  1. In the \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\TUFLOW\model folder, save a copy of M01_5m_002.tgc as FMT_M01_001.tgc.
  2. Open FMT_M01_001.tgc
    Mapinfo
    Add an extra line in after Read GIS Code ==..\model\mi\2d_code_M01_002.MIF
    3. Read GIS Code BC == mi\2d_bc_FMT_M01_001_HX_001.MIF ! Deactivates the cells where the creek channel has been modelled in 1D
    Other GIS
    Add an extra line in after Read GIS Code ==..\model\gis\2d_code_M01_002.shp
    Read GIS Code BC == gis\2d_bc_FMT_M01_001_HX_001_R.shp  ! Deactivates the cells where the creek channel has been modelled in 1D
  3. Topography amendments should be added in a new section at the bottom of the file. These are:
    4. Mapinfo
    Read GIS Z HX Line MAX == mi\2d_bc_FMT_M01_HX_001.MIF | mi\2d_bc_FMT_M01_HX_001_P.MIF ! Defines the bank crest levels (1D/2D boundary cell elevations). The 'MAX' option prevents any zpt elevations from being lowered
    Other GIS
    Read GIS Z HX Line MAX == gis\2d_bc_FMT_M01_HX_001_L.shp | gis\2d_bc_FMT_M01_HX_001_P.shp ! Defines the bank crest levels (1D/2D boundary cell elevations). The 'MAX' option prevents any zpt elevations from being lowered
  4. Save the file. The geometry file is now ready to be used.

TUFLOW Boundary Condition Control File

We will now update the TUFLOW Boundary Condition control file (tbc) to reference the model boundary files created in previous steps.

  • Update the 1D/2D boundaries to reference the HX lines created
  • Remove the external inflows applied to the TUFLOW model, these are now applied in Flood Modeller
  • Update the ESTRY culverts layer, some of these culverts are now modelled in Flood Modeller
    1. Open M02_5m_001.tbc and save a copy as FMT_M01_001.tbc.
    2. Remove the boundary linking to the TUFLOW inflows by:
      Mapinfo
      Put an exclamation mark before the line reading:
      Read GIS BC == mi\2d_bc_M01_002.MIF
      Other GIS
      Put an exclamation mark before the line reading:
      Read GIS BC == gis\2d_bc_M01_002_L.SHP
    3. Add the Boundaries for the culverts and to link to Flood Modeller:
      4. Mapinfo
      Read GIS BC == mi\2d_bc_M04_culverts_001.MIF ! This command reads in SX boundaries linking the 1D ESTRY culverts to the 2D domain
      Read GIS BC == mi\2d_bc_FMT_M01_HX_001.MIF ! This command reads in HX boundaries linking the 1D Flood Modeller watercourse to the 2D domain
      Other GIS
      Read GIS BC == gis\2d_bc_M04_culverts_001_L.shp ! This command reads in SX boundaries linking the 1D ESTRY culverts to the 2D domain
      Read GIS BC == gis\2d_bc_FMT_M01_HX_001_p.shp | 2d_bc_FMT_M01_HX_001_P_L.shp ! This command reads in HX boundaries linking the 1D Flood Modeller watercourse to the 2D domain
    4. Save the file. The boundary file is now ready to be used.

    TUFLOW Control File

    Finally, we need to edit the TUFLOW control file (tcf).
    We will:

  • Reference the Flood Modeller Nodes to directly link the models
  • Update the links to the boundary control file and geometry control file
  • Update the 1D domain contols, as these are now controlled by Flood Modeller


    1. In the \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\TUFLOW\runs folder, save a copy of the TUFLOW file created as a part of module 2 (M02_5m_001.tcf) as FMT_M01_001.tcf.
    2. We need to remove the simulation time control commands (shown below) which specify timestep, start time and end time from the tcf. These will be moved to the Flood Modeller IEF file.
      ! SIMULATION TIME CONTROL COMMANDS
      Timestep == 1.5 ! Specifies a 2D computational timestep of 1.5 seconds
      Start time == 0 ! Specifies a simulation start time of 0 hours
      End Time == 3 ! Specifies a simulation end time of 3 hours
    3. We need to add the Flood modeller commands, these are:
      4. Mapinfo
      Read GIS X1D Nodes == ..\model\mi\1d_x1d_FMT_M01_nodes_001.MIF ! GIS layer referencing node IDs from Flood Modeller
      Read GIS X1D Network == ..\model\mi\1d_x1d_FMT_M01_nwk_001.MIF ! GIS layer representing channels to allow for the digitisation of Water Level Lines (optional)
      Read GIS X1D WLL == ..\model\mi\1d_x1d_WLL_FMT_M01_001.MIF ! GIS layer containing WLLs for visualising 1D results in 2D
      Other GIS
      Read GIS X1D Nodes == ..\model\gis\1d_x1d_FMT_M01_nodes_001_p.shp ! GIS layer referencing node IDs from Flood Modeller
      Read GIS X1D Network == ..\model\gis\1d_x1d_FMT_M01_nwk_001_L.shp ! GIS layer representing channels to allow for the digitisation of Water Level Lines (optional)
      Read GIS X1D WLL == ..\model\gis\1d_x1d_WLL_FMT_M01_001_p.shp ! GIS layer containing WLLs for visualising 1D results in 2D

    4. Now update the culverts currently included in the model:
      Mapinfo
      Read GIS Network == ..\model\mi\1d_nwk_FMT_M01_culverts_001.MIF
      Other GIS
      Read GIS Network == ..\model\gis\1d_nwk_FMT_M01_culverts_001.SHP

    5. Finally, update the links to the Geometry control file and Boundary Condition control file:
      6. Geometry Control File == ..\model\FMT_M01_001.tgc
      BC Control File == ..\model\FMT_M01_001.tbc

      This concludes the changes that we need to make to the .tcf

      Flood Modeller Simulation Files

      In the FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller folder, we have provided a complete Flood Modeller model. It is located in the DAT, IED and IEF folders.
      The DAT and IED files are complete and will not require any modification to link to TUFLOW.
      However, we will alter the IEF to create the link. The IEF alterations can be done either in a text editor of your choice or using the Flood Modeller Interface.
      The instructions below have been written for Flood Modeller Interface verison 4.2.

      IEF File

      1. Open Flood Modeller. Select 'Load 1D Network'. Navigate to \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller\DAT and load the FMT_M01_001.dat.
      2. Right click 'Event Data' and select 'Add Item'. Navigate to \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller\IED and load the FMT_Inflows.IED.
        3. FMT Load1Dnwk.JPG
      3. On the 'Simulation' tab, click New 1D Simulation. Save the file when prompted in the as \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller\IEF folder asFMT_M01_001.ief
      4. On the 'Files' Tab of the simulation window, set the following parameters:
        • Event Title: FMT_M01_001
        • 1D Data File: The full path to the \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller\DAT\FMT_M01_001.dat
        • Use Initial Conditions from: Network File (.dat)
        • Results File: the full path to \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller\RES\FMT_M01_001
      5. To the right of the Event Data box, click Add and select the FMT_Indflows.IED file in the \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller\IED folder.
        6. FMT Simulation files.JPG
      6. On the 'Times' tab, we will replace the simulation time parameters that were removed from TUFLOW. Enter the following parameters:
        • Run Type: Unsteady (Fixed Timestep)
        • Start Time (hrs): 0
        • End Time (hrs): 3
        • Timestep (s):1
        • Save Interval (s): 300
        FMT Simulation times.JPG
      7. Add the 'Links' tab by clicking View> Tabs > Lniks. On the 'Links' tab, enter the following parameters:
        • 2-d Scheme: TUFLOW
        • 2-d Timestep: 2
        • 2-d control file: full path to the FMT_M01_001.tcf from the \FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\TUFLOW\runs folder
        FMT Simulation links.JPG
      8. Add the 'Additional Output' tab by clicking View> Tabs > Additional Output. On the 'Additional Output' tab, select the check box for '2D Flow...'. This will add extra output to check the Flood Modeller and TUFLOW link. We will review this additional output in the following section.
      9. Save the Scenario Data

        10. Run the Simulation

        There are a number of different methods in which to start a Flood Modeller – TUFLOW model. Please refer to the following page for a detailed discussion on each of these methods.
        Use your preferred method to start the model FMT_M01_001.ief or follow the guidance below. If the simulation fails to start, please refer to the troubleshooting guidance on this page.

        In the Complete_Model\FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller\IEF folder a batch file has been provided. To use the batch file in this tutorial:

        • Ensure that you set up the installation folders.
        • Move the batch file to the FMT_Tutorial\FMT_M01\Flood_Modeller\IEF folder
        • Open the batch file in a text editor. On the 'set FloodModeller=' line, change the path from the one provided to the full path to the ISISf32.exe file that you set up with the installation folders.
        • Save and close the file
        • Double click the batch file in your file explorer to run the file


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